What are the common industrial waste gas pollution control technologies?

What are the common industrial waste gas pollution control technologies?

What are the common industrial waste gas pollution control technologies? There are mainly the following methods: catalytic combustion method, adsorption method, liquid absorption method, and microbial degradation method.

1. Catalytic combustion methodCatalytic combustion method is currently the most commonly used organic waste gas treatment method in the process of industrial organic waste gas pollution control. Its chemical essence is to add a catalyst to allow industrial organic waste gases to burn and decompose under ignition. After a series of complex chemical reactions, water and carbon dioxide that are non-polluting to the air are finally generated and discharged into the air. However, in actual applications, due to the complex composition of industrial organic waste gas, it may even contain some heavy metal powders, such as lead, chromium, mercury and other heavy metals. These heavy metals often affect the effectiveness of the catalyst, resulting in incomplete catalytic combustion. At the same time, the catalytic combustion method has higher requirements for catalytic combustion equipment. These equipment must be resistant to high temperature, oxidation, and anti-interference.

2. Adsorption methodThe adsorption method refers to adsorbing organic waste gas on the adsorbent through adsorption materials, thereby adsorbing organic waste gas. The adsorption method requires the adsorbent to have a large relative surface area, densely distributed pores and a loosely distributed overall structure. At the same time, the adsorbent must be resistant to high temperatures, water, corrosion, acid and alkali, and have stable physical and chemical properties. At the same time, the adsorbent must have stable physical and chemical properties. It must have a certain degree of rigidity and flexibility and not be easily broken. Compared with other industrial organic waste gas pollution control technologies, the adsorption method has the advantages of high waste gas treatment efficiency, cleanliness, environmental protection and safety. The disadvantages are that the equipment is large, the adsorption process is slow and complicated, and it is easy to fail due to the adsorption of water vapor in the air.

3. Liquid absorption methodThe principle of this treatment technology is to achieve the fusion of harmful components in organic waste gas with the absorbent. After the fusion, the harmful components in the waste gas will be discharged. According to the difference in the principle of absorption, we can further divide this technology into two forms: physical absorption method and chemical absorption method. The former physical absorption method uses physical principles and based on the principle of material similarity and compatibility to dissolve harmful gases similar to the absorbent components in the absorbent, thereby reducing the content of toxic components and achieving the purpose of purification and treatment. However, this This absorption method is not very effective for those organic waste gases that are not very water-soluble; the latter chemical absorption technology uses a chemical reaction between the absorbent and the harmful components in the waste gas, and removes the harmful components under the action of the chemical reaction. ingredients to achieve purification and treatment purposes.

4. Microbial degradation methodThe application of microbial methods in sewage treatment projects has become quite mature. The biological purification technology of organic waste gas starts with deodorization. In recent years, Germany, the Netherlands, Japan and other countries have gradually applied this method to the treatment of industrial organic waste gas. There is less research in this area in China and it has not been widely used in engineering practice. Its main principle is to cultivate through screening Microorganisms with special degradation effect on organic waste gas components are produced and fixedly attached to the surface of the porous media filler. The waste gas is biologically treated in the filler bed. Volatile organic pollutants are adsorbed in the pores and degraded through the action of microorganisms. Generate H20 and neutral salts and other substances. The main advantages of the microbial purification method are that the process and equipment are relatively simple, generally no useful raw materials are consumed, the operating energy consumption and cost are low, it is safe and reliable, and there is no secondary pollution. Due to the low biochemical reaction rate, the equipment volume is larger. According to the work Depending on the medium, microbial degradation methods can be divided into microbial suspension methods, activated sludge methods, biofilm methods, etc. Biological purification equipment for waste gas can be divided into two categories: biological absorption devices and biological filtration devices. Relatively speaking, absorption devices It is more suitable for processing low concentration and large flow exhaust gas; the filter device is more suitable for processing high concentration and small flow exhaust gas. Biological filters began to appear in the form of structures (biological filters), and in recent years, intensive biological filter boxes have also been developed. .